Organotitanium compounds and process of preparation



2,913,469 Eatented Nov. 17, 1959 United States PatentOfiice 2,913,469 ORGANO'IITANIUMQOMPOUNDSf-AND PROCESS F PREPARATION Charles A. Russell, FairzHaven, NJ, assignor to National Lead Company, New York, N.Y., a corporation of New Jersey N'o Drawing. Application August 7, 1956 Serial No. 602,504 Claims... (CL- 260 -4295) f This invention' relates 'in general toorganotitanium compounds: More specifically it relates to diol titanates.

In recent years various types of organotitaniuni' compounds have been A produced and l many newuses have been discovered 1301 these various compounds. Ainong the organotitanium compounds whichhave 'b'eenpro- Another object .to provide .a method for producing a new class oflorg'motitanium compounds. A still. further object is to provide "organotitaniurn compounds which canibe used for purposes hitherto'unknown.

Anotheryobje'ct is to provide a process for. maintaining Th'e acyl titanate'e'mployed inthe process of the instant' inventionmay-be prepared by the reaction of an alkyl titanateand' an organic acid The acyl group'ihg ofthe titanate' e'mployed should be derived front an acid containing only one carboxyl group -and have from 2 10-20 carbon'atoms. The acyl grouping oftlie titanate may'be either a saturated or an unsaturatedaliphaticgrouping. If an alkyl grouping is presentin "th'e"diol' acyl ester of titanicacid, the alkyl grouping'shotild be an aliphatic hydrocarbon containing froni' to- 18 carbot'ratorns; As previously stated the diols employed may be either saturated or unsaturated, either straight chain or branch chain compounds and the two hydroxyl groupings in said diol'should be either 'adjacent to one anothenor separated by l, 2 or 3 carbon atoms. The use of diols of these types produces diol acyl esters of titanic acid which are the most satisfactory for ariwideivarietyl'ofi uses; 3.withirespect to"the linkage 'between thekiioland the titanium, the titanium valu'es are either covalently or .coordinately b6nded'to theoxygen of the diol grouping.

-In? some b'othi'the hydroxyb groups of the diol freeandsemi-colloidalcarbonaceous material .iradisa perse'd'state in aftielf These and otherobjects' will become more apparentaccording to the following more detailed description of the instant invention.

Broadly, this invention contemplates diol acyl esters of titanic acid comprising; quadrivale'nt'i titanium covalently bonded 'witlr'4' molesof organic'groupingsselected "from'the P group consisting of diol, acyl "andlalkyl. The" diol grouping-in" said compound is either "straight or branchedchained, either'saturated or unsaturated. The positions of 'the'two hydroxylgroupings in "said"di'o1 are either on adjacent 'carbon" atoms -or on'carbon :atoms separated by 1, 2 or 3 carbon atoms. The acyl grouping is derived from a monoearboXylic acid and has from 2 to 20 carbon atoms. The acyl grouping is either a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic grouping. The alkyl grouping is-analiphatic hydrocarbon containing from -2 to 18 carbon atoms. The'diol'acylester of orthotitanicacid contains at least 1 and-"not'm0re'than 3 diol groupings and at least 1 and notmorethan 3 acyl groupings. The alkyl grouping is present when the sum of the diol-and acyl groupings is less than- 4. The maximum amount of alkyl groupings therefore can: beno greater than-2 since atleast .1 diol grouping and at least 1 acylgrouping must be present in the compound;

When more than 1 diol or acyl grouping is employed it is obvious that different diols or acyl groupings may be employed; a

This invention'furth'er contemplates a process for-preparingsuch organotitanium' compounds which comprises grouping may react to form covalent bonds which produce structures of the following ty'pez There is, however, a greater tendency for only one of the hydroxyl groups to react-to form a covalent titaniumoxygen bond, the other hydroxyl group becoming coordinately linked to l the titanium atom to form the following type structure:

Furthermore, under-"certain conditions when the mole ratios betweemtheuitaniumandtlie acyl and diol group.- ings newsman-amount- "so"that"the'total h droxy'l and acyloxy groupings are more than 6 per titanium atom, then only one hydroxyl group of the diol grouping will p be bonded to the titanium, the otherhydroxyl group of reacting an acyl titanate with adiol to'produce' di'ol 'acyl esters of titanic acid.

In fact it has been discovered that, by reacting an acyl titanate with diols which normally form insoluble polymeric-gels withualkyl titanates, low 'molecular' weight soluble products aretobtainedn the diol remaining" free" as showri'for" example in the following structure:

3 may also be employed in addition to the diols having unsaturation occurring in the side chains.

As previously stated, the diol acyl titanate composition of the instant invention mayhave from 1 to 3 diol groupings and 1 to 3 acyl groupings, The sum of, the diol, acyl and alkyl groupings present. in said compound being 4. In compounds havingl diol grouping, 1 acyl grouping and 2 alkyl groupings per titanium atom, the linkage between the diol and the titanium conceivably may be any one or a combination of the types illustrated above as (A), :(B), and (C). However, it is believed more likely that type (B) will predominate- In such a compound it is conceivable thatthe compound may, therefore, be represented by thefollowinggstructure:

where R in the acyl group is either a saturated or 1msaturated straight or branched chained aliphatic groupmg containing from 1 to 19 carbon atoms.

Rfis an aliphatic hydrocarbon containing from,2 to18 carbon atoms and R" is either ing.

hydrogen .or a: lower 'alkyl. group- In compounds having 2; diol groupings, 1 .acyl grouping and 1 alkyl grouping for each titanium atom, the diol linkage to the titanium will probably be predominantly that of type (B). In such a compound it is conceivable that the compound may, therefore, be represented by the following structure:

In compounds having 2 diol groupings and 2 acyl groupings per titanium atom, the compound no longer III ,bons.

requires an alkyl grouping. In such compounds the diol R"'inlthe chain is either grouping. When the compound has 3;diol groupings, and one a cyl grouping per titanium atom, the diol linkage to the titaniumwould probably predominantlybe that of both t y pes (B) and (C). Such compounds can possibly be represented by the following structurei I;

hydrogen are lower alkyl Although the groupings have been expressed as whole number ratios in these structures for purposes of illustration and simplification, intermediate values of ratios may be used resulting in mixtures of products having structures similar to those illustrated above.

1 In order to more clearly illustrate the instant invention, the following. examples are presented.

EXAMPLE 1 A butanol solution of tributyl stearoyl titanate was prepared by adding 28.4 parts of stearic acid to 34 parts of tetrabutyl titanate. I I

Di(2-methylp"ntanediol-2,4)butyl stearoyl titanate was then prepared by adding 23.6 parts of 2-methylpentanediol-2,4 to 62.5 parts of a butanol solution of tributyl stearoyl titanate. The mixtureggrew warm and a clear solution jresulted. Evaporation ofthe butanol left a waxy solid which was readily soluble in benzene, mineral spirits and kerosene, These solutions dispersed pigments better than the solvent alone. h

EXAMPLE 2 14.2 parts of stearic acid were added to.28.2 parts of tetra-Z-ethylhexyl titanate. The mixture was warmed slightly and a clear solution of the tri-Z-ethylhexyl stearoyl titanate. was formed. To this was added with stirring- 11.8 parts of 2-methylpentanediol 2,4. A clear solution of the di(2 methylpentanediol 2,4)2 ethylhexyl stearoyl; titanate resulted. When diluted with benzene and, cast'ona glass plate, aclear hydrophobic .film re mained after allowing tostand 24 hours in a moist atmosphere. The film was readily soluble in hydrocar- I EXAMPLE3 V 14.2 parts of stearic acid were addedito' 17 parts of tetrabutyl titanate. After solution w'a's'icomplete, 17.! parts of Z-methylpentanediol-ZA were. added. A clear,

bright yellow solution resulted which was readily soluble in'hydrocar-bons. A 1%. solution of thetri-(Z-methyl- Ipentanediol-2,4) stearoyl titanate in kerosene was an excellentdispersant for carbon black.

I I EmviPLE 4 I I Di-(butanediol-1,4) butyl oleoyl titanate was preparedby adding 9.0 parts of butanediol-1,4 to 31.0 parts of a solution of tributyl oleolyl titanate, prepared by adding 14.1 parts of oleic acid to -l 7 parts of tetrabutyl titanate." Onmixing, heat was evolved and a clear yellow solution resulted. The product when dissolved in mineral spirits was not precipitated on shaking with water and allowing to' stand. I II I I EXAMPLE 5 The procedure in Example 1 was repeatedexcept that 15.2 'parts of propylene glycol were added'to the62.5 parts of. tributyl stearoyl titanate solution in place of the 2-methylpentanediol-2,4. Instead of forming a gel, as normally results when propylene glycol is added to tetrabutyl titanate, a clear yellow solution resulted. After standing over night a white crystalline solid precipitated. The solid di-(propylene glycol) butyl stearoyl titanate was redissolved in the mother liquorpn heating to 100 C., and was readily soluble in hydrocarbonsolvents.

EXAMPLE 6 .tanate wasprepared by the same procedure as in Example 1 using 34. parts of 3,6:dimethyl4-octynegliol-3,6 in place ;of thef 2-methylpentanediol-2A. The results were comparable to Example 1. a i p} I Y iff "EXAMPLE;7 II I r I 6. parts of glacial acetic acid were added to 34 parts tetrabutyl titanate with cooling; 292 parts of 2-ethyl- Di-(3,6-dimethyl-4-octynediol-3,6) butyl stearoyl uyellow solution of the-di-t2 ethy hexenediolnh3) .acetyl titanate resulted.

EXAMPLE 8 14.6-parts of 2,2,4-trimethylpentanediolel,3 were. added to 28.4 parts of a solution .of tributyl myristoyl-titanate prepared by adding 17 parts oftetrabutyl. titanate to 11.4

parts of myristic acid. A clear pale yellow solution of the di-(2,2,4-trimethylpentanediol-2,4) myristoyl titanate resulted. The product was readily soluble in nonreactive organic solvents. A 0.1% solution .of this product in kenosene dispersed carbon black better than a 0.1% solution of .di-(2,2,4-trimethylpentanediol-1,3) titanate in kerosene.

EXAMPLE-9 V 2-methylpentanediol-2,4 butyl distearoyl titanate was prepared by mixing 5.9 parts of;2smethylpentanediole2,4

with 45.4 parts of a solution ofdibutyl distearoyl titanate,

prepared by adding 28.4 parts of stearic acid tov 17 parts of tetrabutyl titanate.

A clear pale :yellow solution was formed. The solid product was recovered by evaporation of the butanol. The product was. readily soluble in nonrective organic solvents.

EXAMPLE 10 Di-(Z-methylpentauediol-2,4) vdistearoyl titanate .was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 9 except that 11.8 parts of 2-methylpentanediol-2,4 were added instead of 5.9 parts. The results were essentially the same as in Example 1.2. When a .solution of the product in mineral spirits was brushed on a ceramlc body and the solvents allowed to evaporatqthe surface of the ceramic body showed a high degree of water repellancy.

EXAMPLE 11 Di-(2,5-dimethylhexanediol-2,5) stearoyl titanate was prepared by mixing 27.5 parts of tributoxy stearoyl titanate and 14.6 parts of 2,5-dimethylhenanediol-2,5 and warming until a clear yellow solution was produced. On cooling the product separated as a white crystalline solid.

EX M LE 12 agents, waterproofingagents and dispersing agents for carbonaceous material in hydrocarbons and other organic solvents. water present in any organic media and are not readily susceptible to hydrolysis to yield insoluble products.

In addition to the compounds and their method of preparation described above, this invention also contemplates a process for maintaining free and semi-colloidal carbonaceous material insuspension in a liquid hydrocarbon fuel by admixing and dissolving in said fuel'from 0.001% to 2.0% by weight of a diol acyl ester of titanic acid comprising quadrivalent titanium corvalently bonded with 4 moles of organic groupings selected from the group consisting of diols, acyl and alkyl, said diol grouping selected from the group consisting of straight chained and branched chained groupings, said diol grouping selected fromthc group consisting of saturated and unsaturated groupings, the position of the two hydroxyl groups in Such compounds are also compatible with said diol grouping being selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl groups attached to adjacent carbon atoms and carbon atomsseparated from one another by l, 2 and 3 carbon atoms, said acyl grouping derived from a monocarboxylic acid and having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, said acyl grouping selected from the group consisting of saturated and unsaturated aliphaphatic groupings,-said alkylgrouping being an aliphatic hydrocarbon containing from 2 to 18 carbon atoms, said diol acyl ester of titanic acid containing from 1 to 3 groupings and from 1 to 3 acyl groupings.

Although many products are produced from crude oil in large quantities, the instant invention is concerned only with fuels which are directly fired as liquids. The instant invention is not concerned with fuels used in internal combustion engines in which the fuel is vaporized prior to injection into the cylinder. 'The liquid hydrocarbon fuels of the instant invention. therefore include kerosene, distillate fuel oil, residualful oil and jet and diesel fuels.

All of these petroleum products contain various amounts of impuritieswhich cause residues to build up in the combustion chamber fuellines and filters and such residues often result in serious problems in commercial installations. These residues are usually caused by the presence of-freeor semi-colloidal carbon or coke which gradually settles and builds up in various parts of .the system. Many attempts have been made to overcome this residue formation andvarious titanium compounds have been tried for this purpose. 'Among these include alkyl titanates, triethanolaminetitanate and the like but none of these have been successful. Acyl titanates have also been tried and foundto be unsuccessful since the moisture present in the fuel reacts-with the acyl titanate to form insoluble condensed -titanate polymers upon standing.

have been described in detail above and any of these compounds are useful as agents for maintaining in suspension free and colloidal carbonaceous material in liquid hydrocarbon fuels.

In order to maintain in suspension such carbonaceous material in fuel the diol acyl ester of titanic acidare admixed with and dissolved in the-liquid hydrocarbon fuel in any ordinary way and preferably at room temperature.

The amount of the diol acyl ester of titanic acid employed in the composition may vary over. a wide range, however, for efficient and effective dispersion of the carbonaceous matter in thefuel, it is desirable tov-ernploy from about 001% to about 2.0% by weight of the organic treating agent in the liquid hydrocarbon fuel.

In order to illustrated more fully the process of the instant invention, thefollowing examples are presented:

EXAMPLE l? Samples of kerosene containing 2,5-dimethylhexanediol-2,5 stearoyl dibutyl titanate were prepared by adding (a) 0.001 g., (b) 0.01 g., (c) 0.25 g., (d) 0.05 g., (e) 0.1 g., and (f) 0.5 g., of the titanate per ml. of kerosene. The 2,5-dimethylhexauediol-*2;5 stearoyl dibutyl titanate was prepared by adding one mole of stearic acid to one mole of tetrabutyltitanate. ,After the solution became clear, one mole of 2,5-dimethylhexanediol- 2,5 was added to form a clear solution of the diol acyl titanate.

Ten ml. of each of the kerosene solutions were placed in test tubes and a few drops of water were added to each one. After shaking, the samples were allowed to stand. After two months, no. sediment due to hydrolysis was noticeable. Y

EXAMPLE 14 The procedure of Example 13 was repeated except that 0.1 g. of carbon black was added to 20 ml. of each qof the solutions in a test tube in place of the water. "These were stoppered and shaken and then allowed to stand. A sample of kerosene only was included as a control. The samples were checked for the amount of carbon remaining dispersed periodically and graded as follows: 1completely settled, 2-settling nearly complete only a slight amount remaining dispersed, 3-moderate dispersion, 4-good dispersion with some settling noticeable, 5-excellent dispersion. The following table shows the dispersion remaining after various periods of time.

-- I Table I Solution 1 Day 1 Week 1 Month 3 Months It will be noted that although carbon in the control samples had settled completely after one day, the samples containing the diol acyl titanate were still dispersed even at the lowest concentration.

EXAMPLE 15 A series of six solutions of kerosene solutions contain- 5 ing '2,5-dimethylhexanediol-2,5 stearoyl dibutyl titanate were prepared as in Example 13. Instead of adding the carbon black, however, approximately 0.2 g. of a sludge obtained from an oilfilter was used. The results are shown in the following table, the numbers and solutions having the same significance as in Example 13.

The procedure of Example 14 was repeated using 0.1 g. of powdered activated charcoal in place of the oil filter sludge. The results were substantially the same as in Example 14.

EXAMPLE 17 The procedure of Example 14 was repeated except that #2 fuel oil was used in place of the kerosene. The results were as follows:

Table 3 Solution lDay IWeek lMonth 3Months EXAMPLE 18 The procedure of Example 17 was repeated except that 2-ethylhexanediol-l,3 stearoyl dibutyl titanate, prepared by reacting one mole of tetrabutyl titanate with a mole of stearic acid and reacting the product with one mole of 2-ethylhexanediol-1,3 was used in place of the 2,5-dimethylhexanediol- 2,5 stearoyl dibutyl titanate. The

results were substantially the same.

' diesel fuel oil. 'The results were substantially the same except that in this. case the carbon black settled much -more rapidly in the control sample containing no titanates so that it was clear in'less than 12 hours.

EXAMPLE 20 Di-2-ethyl-Z-butylpropanediol-l,3 stearoyl isopropyl titanate was prepared by reacting one mole of stearic (it-2,5rdimethylhexanediol-2,5 stearoyl butyl titanate dl-Butanediol-2,3 stearoyl butyl tltanate :EentaHediOI-ZA stearoyl dllsopropyl tltanate -di-z-rnethylpentanediol-Z lauroyl butyl titanata. di-2-methylpentanedlol-2,4 oleoyl butyl titanate 'di-Z-methylpentanedi0l-2,4 linoleoyl butyl titanate di-2-methylpentanedlol-2,4 nonanoyl butyl titanate 2'ethylhexanedio1-L3 acetyl dibutyl titanate black.

' EXAMPLE 21 The procedure of Example 20 was repeated except that a sludge from an oil filter was used in place of the carbon black. After a week settling was nearly complete in a control sample while the sludge in the samples containing the titanate remained well dispersed.

'EXAMPLE 22 The procedure of Example 20 was repeated using in place of the di-2-ethyl-2-butylpropanediol-1,3 stearoyl isopropyltitanate, the, compounds listed in Table 4.

T able 4 Dispersion Compound 1 g solution 2-Inethylpentanediol-2,4 stearoyl dibutyl tltanate dl-Z-methylpentanediol-2A stearoyl butyl titanate" tri-2-methylpentanediol-2,4 stearoyl titanate.

dl-2-methylpentanediol-2A' djstearoyl titanate- 2-methylpentanediol-2,4 distearoyl butyl titanate di-n-Octylene glycol stearoyl butyl titanate di-2-methylpentanedlol-2,4 stearoyl Z-ethylhexyl titanate gi-2Bgtanediol-l4 stearoyl butyl titanate The effectiveness 'fof these compounds in dispersing carbon black in kerosene solution is also shown in Table 4. The dispersion of the carbon black in the kerosene alone was very poor.

From the above description and by the examples presented it has clearly been demonstrated that semi-colloidal and free carbon may be maintained in a dispersed state in liquid hydrocarbon fuel by the addition of diol acyl titanates. The carbonaceous material remains in suspension without sludge formation. The diol acyl titanate used for dispersion does not react with the moisture to form insoluble polymers.

This application is a continuation-in-part of my application Serial No. 529080, filed August 17, 1955, now abandoned. I

While this invention has been described and illustrated by the examples shown, it is not intended to be strictly limited thereto, and other modifications and variag tions may be employed within the scope of the following claims.

1. A11 organo-titanium compound having the empirical formula -H (RC 0-o- Bi Tl(O-R where RCO is an acyl group in which R is an unsubstituted alkyl group containing from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, where R is an unsubstituted lower alkyl group and where R" is a diol residue containing at least 3 carbon atoms and selected from the group consisting of w, ,8-, 'y, and 8-, said diol residue having no other functional groups, the x in said formula is 1 to 3, y is 1 to 3 and z is 4-(x+y), the sum of x+y+z equals 4, the titanium in said compound is quadrivalent and covalently bonded to 4 of said organic groups through oxygen atoms.

2. Compound according to claim 1 in which x=1,

y=1 and 2:2.

3. Compound according to claim 1 in which x=1, y=2 and z=l.

4. Compound according to claim 1 in which x=2, 3 :2 and z=0.

5. Compound according to claim 1 in which x=3, :1 and z=0.

to claim 1 in which the diol is di-(2-methylpentanediol-2,4) butyl 6. Compound according acyl titanate stearoyl titanate.

7. Compound according to claim 1 in which the diol acyl titanate is tri-(2-methylpentanediol-2,4) stearoyl titanate.

8. Compound according to claim 1 in which the diol acyl titanate is di-(2,5-dimethylhexanediol-2,5) stearoyl titanate.

9. Compound according to claim 1 in which the diol acyl titanate is di-(2,5-dirnethyl-3 hexynediol 2,5) stearoyl titanate.

10. A method for the preparation of an organic titanium compound which comprises reacting an unsubstituted lower alkyl acyl titanate with a diol, the acyl group in said alkyl acyl titanate having the formula RCO- in which R is an unsubstituted alkyl group containing from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, said diol being selected from the group consisting of oc-, 5-, 'y-, and 6-diols and having no other functional groups, said compound containing from 1 to 3 diol residues and from 1 to 3 acyl groups, the sum of said diol residues and said acyl groups being from 2 to 4. 1.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,397,859 Hershberger et al Apr. 2, 1946 2,489,651 Langkamrnerer Nov. 29, 1949 2,614,112 Boyd Oct. 14, 1952 2,621,193 Langkammerer Dec. 9, 1952 2,642,344 Livingston June 16, 1953 2,642,345 Bradley et al. June 16, 1953 2,643,262 Bostwick June 23, 1953 2,736,666 Beacham Feb. 28, 1956 2,795,553 Lowe June 11, 1957 2,845,445 Russel July 29, 1958 FOREIGN PATENTS 733,224 Great Britain July 6, 1955 

1. AN ORGANO-TITANIUM COMPOUND HAVING THE EMPIRICAL FORMULA
 10. A METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF AN ORGANIC TITANIUM COMPOUND WHICH COMPRISES REACTING AN UNSUBSTITUTED LOWER ALKYL ACYL TITANATE WITH A DIOL, THE ACYL GROUP IN SAID ALKYL ACYL TITANATE HAVING THE FORMULA RCO-IN WHICH R IS AN UNSUBSTITUTED ALKYL GROUP CONTAINING FROM 2 TO 20 CARBON ATOMS, SAID DIOL BEING SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF A-, B-, Y-, AND 8-DIOLS AND HAVING NO OTHER FUNCTIONAL GROUPS, SAID COMPOUND CONTAINING FROM 1 TO 3 DIOL RESIDUES AND FROM 1 TO 3 ACYL GROUPS, THE SUM OF SAID DIOL RESIDUES AND SAID ACYL GROUPS BEING FROM 2 TO
 4. 